2008年6月15日星期日

login

login 包里面有些什么呢?
/usr/sbin/nologin
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/newgrp
/etc/pam.d/login
/etc/pam.d/su
/etc/login.defs
/etc/securetty
/bin/login
/bin/su
/usr/bin/sg
首先我们还是从一些命令上看看,nologin 是一种禁止用户登录的办法(把 login shell 改了),faillog 可以显示登录失败次数,并可以设置最大允许失败次数。lastlog 将显示所有用户最后登录的时间。newgrp 改变登录 session 的 gid。login 会显示一个文本模式下的登录界面,输入了正确的用户名和密码后就会打开对应的 shell 和用户交互。su/sg 类似,改变执行命令的 UID/GID。

下面我们来看两个重要的文件,/etc/securetty 是允许 root 登录的终端列表;/etc/login.defs 定义了很多登录相关的变量,如 MAIL_DIR 指向邮件目录,FAILLOG_ENAB 表明是否打开登录失败日志,su/sg 的日志是否打开,HUSHLOGIN_FILE 指定一个文件,若存在则登录时不会显示相关的信息,ENV_PATH 默认的 PATH,ENV_SUPATH 默认的 su 的 PATH,PASS_MAX_DAYS、PASS_MIN_DAYS、PASS_WARN_AGE 就是上篇中 chage 对应的值,UID/GID_MIN/MAX 是 useradd/groupadd 使用的,LOGIN_RETRIES 最大允许重试次数(一般会被 pam 对应的值覆盖),LOGIN_TIMEOUT 登录超时,DEFAULT_HOME 没有 home 时是否能登录。

由于 pam 的使用,login.defs 很多功能都已经 obsolete 了。

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